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Nara, Yoshitaka*; Kashiwaya, Koki*; Oketani, Kazuki*; Fujii, Hirokazu*; Zhao, Y.*; Kato, Masaji*; Aoyagi, Kazuhei; Ozaki, Yusuke; Matsui, Hiroya; Kono, Masanori*
Zairyo, 73(3), p.220 - 225, 2024/03
The fractures in the rock are the main pass of groundwater flow and solute transport. The filling of fine-grained particle, such as clay minerals, was confirmed to decrease the permeability of rock by laboratory experiment. This research aimed to verify the occurrence of the phenomena in the field. The water containing the clay minerals was injected into the rock at the 200m stage of the Mizunami Underground research laboratory. The hydraulic conductivity decreased two order before and after the injection. This result suggested that the decrease of hydraulic conductivity by the filling of fine-grained particle in the fractures occurred in the real field.
Suzudo, Tomoaki; Ebihara, Kenichi; Tsuru, Tomohito; Mori, Hideki*
Zairyo, 73(2), p.129 - 135, 2024/02
Body-centered-cubic transition metals, such as Fe and W, cleave along the {100} plane. To find out the mechanism of this response, atomistic simulations of curved crack-fronts of bcc Fe were conducted at 0 K using an interatomic potential created by an artificial neural network (ANN) technique. We discovered that dislocations can be emitted from the curved crack fronts along the {110} crack plane, and this phenomenon explains why the cleavage is observed only along the {100} plane. In addition, the cleavage simulations along {100} at the elevated temperature were found to be accompanied by plasticity; namely, they represented more realistic fracture.
Arai, Taiki*; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Motohashi, Mitsuya*
Zairyo No Kagaku To Kogaku, 60(5), p.153 - 158, 2023/10
Si oxide films are currently widely used as insulating materials in electronic devices and biomaterials. The atomic bonding state of these films significantly influences the properties of each device, thus it is particularly necessary to understand and control the chemical bonding state between Si and O in the films. In this study, the Si oxide films formed by anodic oxidation on Si substrate surfaces in extremely low concentrations of HF solutions were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy mainly focusing on Si2p and F1s spectra. Although the HF concentration is in the order of ppm, the films contain percent order of F atoms, suggesting the formation of Si-F and Si-O-F bonds in the films. It was also found that the different depth profiles for F and O atoms was observed, indicating that the surface reaction processes seem to be different depending on each element.
Noi, Hiromi*; Watanabe, Sota*; Kubo, Koji*; Okajima, Satoshi; Ando, Masanori
Nihon Kikai Gakkai M&M 2023 Zairyo Rikigaku Kanfarensu Koen Rombunshu (Internet), p.CL0712_1 - CL0712_5, 2023/09
no abstracts in English
Suzuki, Kenji*; Miura, Yasufumi*; Shiro, Ayumi*; Toyokawa, Hidenori*; Saji, Choji*; Shobu, Takahisa; Morooka, Satoshi
Zairyo, 72(4), p.316 - 323, 2023/04
Hirota, Noriaki; Funamoto, Kodai*; Tachibana, Yukio
Zairyo, 72(3), p.255 - 261, 2023/03
For the purpose of developing metallic materials with excellent corrosion resistance under boiling sulfuric acid environment, the coated materials were evaluated for their corrosion resistance and the differences in surface morphology were investigated. As a result, the corrosion resistance of SUS304 coated and sintered eight times by chemical densified coating method (S-ZAC) was maintained at the point after 12h corrosion test, but the corrosion rate rapidly increased after 100h corrosion test. The cross-sectional microstructural analysis of the specimens showed that only a small amount of SiO
remained on the surface, while CrO
completely disappeared. The mechanism of film delamination in S-ZAC is assumed to be due to the thermal expansion caused by heating, which resulted in curvature of the thick film and cracks at the CrO and SiO interfaces. On the other hand, SUS304 coated with higher density of CrO by repeating the coating and sintering eleven times (MS-ZAC) showed excellent corrosion resistance as well as SiC even after 100h corrosion test. The results of cross-sectional microstructuCrO particle layer, in addition to the thinning of the entire film.
Suzuki, Kenji*; Kura, Komoe*; Miura, Yasufumi*; Shiro, Ayumi*; Toyokawa, Hidenori*; Saji, Choji*; Kajiwara, Kentaro*; Shobu, Takahisa
Zairyo, 71(12), p.1005 - 1012, 2022/12
This paper describes a stress measurement from a welded part of an austenitic stainless steel using synchrotron X-rays. Difficulty measuring the X-ray stress of the welded part is caused by the broadening of the diffraction spot in the radial and circumferential directions. The bending strains of the rectangular bar made of the welded part were measured using synchrotron white X-rays and the double exposure method. To improve the energy resolution, monochromatic synchrotron X-ray of 70 keV was used. The diffraction pattern showed the sharp arc like a pattern from texture material. The diffraction profile was obtained from the integral of the diffraction intensity in the direction of the circumference. The diffraction angle was determined using the double exposure method. As a result, the distribution of the residual stresses of the welded part could be measured.
Shinohara, Masanori; Sumita, Junya; Inaba, Yoshitomo; Shibata, Taiju
Dai-59-Kai X Sen Zairyo Kyodo Ni Kansuru Toronkai Koen Rombunshu, p.22 - 28, 2022/11
no abstracts in English
Tsuru, Tomohito
Zairyo, 71(8), p.660 - 665, 2022/08
The dynamic behavior of individual defects at the nanoscale plays an important role in understanding the mechanical properties of highly controlled materials and the nature of their mechanical functions. The purpose of this study is to reveal the origin of the mechanical properties from the electronic structure calculations of dislocation core. In this paper, we propose a modeling that describes the slip bahavior based on the kink mechanism for alloys with a body-centered cubic lattice structure (BCC) that shows a unusual temperature dependence on mechanical properties. In addition, we introduce analytical model to understand the role of alloying elements on dislocation motion from the electronic structure and predict mechanical properties.
Ebihara, Kenichi
Zairyo, 71(5), p.481 - 487, 2022/05
no abstracts in English
Momma, Yuichiro*; Sakairi, Masatoshi*; Ueno, Fumiyoshi; Otani, Kyohei
Zairyo To Kankyo, 71(5), p.133 - 137, 2022/05
The effect of the corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion of steel under a thin solution layer was investigated. As a result of forming a thin solution layer with a thickness of 1.0-0.2 mm on the specimen, adding a mixed solution of sodium molybdate and aluminum lactate as a corrosion inhibitor, and performing electrochemical measurement, the corrosion inhibitor suppresses the anodic reaction. And in the thin solution layer, it was suggested that the morphology of the protective layer structure by the corrosion inhibitor changed according to the amount of liquid as compared with the bulk immersion.
Soma, Yasutaka; Kato, Chiaki
Zairyo To Kankyo 2022 Koenshu (CD-ROM), p.219 - 220, 2022/05
It is important to understand the electrochemical properties of stainless steel in environment created within crevice of stainless steel in high temperature water (crevice environment). This is because acidification and concentration of impurity ions occur in the crevice environment and this is common inside the stress corrosion crack. In this study, we reproduced the crevice environment in bulk scale and investigated mainly the effect of Cr concentration on the electrochemical properties of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. Polarization curves of Fe-20Ni-xCr (x=16.4, 23, 26) were measured in water with a temperature of 288
C, a Cl concentration of 2
10
mol/dm
, a pH value of about 4.5, and a dissolved hydrogen concentration of 10 ppb. The peak currents of active dissolution (at -400 mV) and passive current density (at -50 mV) for specimens with Cr concentrations x = 16.4, 23, and 26% were approximately 13.8, 15.9, 10.0 
Acm
, and 18.4, 8.5, 8.5 Acm, respectively. Although the current values of x=26 were slightly lower in both cases, it was concluded that there was no clear dependence of the polarization curve on Cr concentration in this environment.
Suzuki, Kenji*; Yamada, Minami*; Shiro, Ayumi*; Shobu, Takahisa; Toyokawa, Hidenori*; Saji, Choji*
Zairyo, 71(4), p.347 - 353, 2022/04
We have already succeeded in the residual stress of aluminum alloys using the double exposure method (DEM) with 30 keV synchrotron radiation X-rays. However, the DEM has not be applied in the range of high-energy synchrotron X-rays. In this study, the stress measurements of a shrink-fitted ring using the DEM with synchrotron monochromatic X-rays beyond about 70 keV were performed. A CdTe pixel detector and a CCD camera were used as a detector. The shrink-fitted specimen of SUS304 was quasi-coarse grains of 43 micro-meters, and the diffraction rings were spotty. Despite quasi-coarse grains, it was possible to measure the stresses of the shrink-fitted specimen using the DEM. As a result, the DEM is excellent method to measures the stress for coarse grained materials. In addition, it is better to make the length between the detection positions longer to improve precision of the DEM. On the other hand, it was ineffective to increase the positions of detection.
observation of recrystallization of aluminum single crystals using synchrotron radiation monochromatic X-raysShiro, Ayumi*; Shobu, Takahisa; Okada, Tatsuya*
Zairyo, 71(4), p.354 - 360, 2022/04
Recrystallization process of an aluminum (Al) single crystal was observed in situ using synchrotron X-rays. Al single-crystalline samples were deformed in tension along a 
111
direction to a strain of 8%, and were subsequently annealed at 753 K. The changes in the shape and intensity of diffraction spots were analyzed using a two-dimensional detector. A diffraction spot from the deformation matrix had three peaks which reflected a sub-grained microstructure of the sample. The 
observation during annealing unveiled the appearance of diffraction spots from a recrystallized grain at 330.8 s. As the diffraction spots from the recrystallized grain became larger, the diffraction spots from the deformation matrix gradually disappeared. The application of the X-ray topography method revealed the crystal orientation variation in a recrystallized grain in order of 0.001 degree.
Sr dissolved solution on corrosion potential of type 316L stainless steelAoyama, Takahito; Kato, Chiaki; Sato, Tomonori; Sano, Naruto; Yamashita, Naoki; Ueno, Fumiyoshi
Zairyo To Kankyo, 71(4), p.110 - 115, 2022/04
no abstracts in English
Momma, Yuichiro*; Sakairi, Masatoshi*; Ueno, Fumiyoshi; Otani, Kyohei
Zairyo To Kankyo, 71(4), p.121 - 125, 2022/04
The effect of solution layer thickness on the atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel was investigated using novel devices fabricated by a 3D printer. These novel devices allowed us to control the solution layer thickness precisely. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements were performed under thickness-controlled solution layer, and oxygen diffusion limiting current density (
) and anodic current density (
) were measured. As the solution layer become thinner, increased and decreased. This result indicates that corrosion accelerates when the solution layer becomes thinner. The diffusion coefficient of oxygen was calculated as 3.2010
cm
s
from the relationship between and solution layer thickness, and the critical diffusion thickness was estimated to be 0.87 mm.
NpIrisawa, Eriko; Kato, Chiaki; Yamashita, Naoki; Sano, Naruto
Zairyo To Kankyo, 71(3), p.70 - 74, 2022/03
In order to evaluate the corrosion of stainless steels used in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities, the immersion corrosion tests and polarization measurements were performed using R-SUS304ULC stainless steel in nitric acid solution containing a kind of radionuclides, Np. At temperatures above 328 K, the corrosion potential was higher than that in nitric acid solution and was near the transpassive region. From the comparison between the corrosion amount calculated by the immersion corrosion tests and the polarization resistance, the values of 
=0.018-0.025 V were obtained as a conversion factor, and the possibility of calculating the corrosion amount from the electrochemical measurement was examined.
Otani, Kyohei; Ueno, Fumiyoshi; Kato, Chiaki
Zairyo To Kankyo, 71(2), p.40 - 45, 2022/02
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration in the air on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in an air/solution alternating environment in the low oxygen concentration range and to clarify the corrosion rate and corrosion mechanism of carbon steel depending on the oxygen concentration in air by the mass change of specimens before and after the corrosion test and observing the iron rust layer formed on the surface of carbon steel. The corrosion rate increases with increasing oxygen concentration in the air, and the gradient of the corrosion rate decreases gradually. The maximum erosion depth increased with increasing oxygen concentration except for the case of 1% oxygen concentration, however, the maximum erosion depth for 1% oxygen concentration was larger than that for 5% air oxygen concentration.
Otani, Kyohei; Kato, Chiaki
Zairyo To Kankyo, 70(12), p.480 - 486, 2021/12
This is a comprehensive paper of the corrosion of carbon steel in air/solution alternating condition. From cross-sectional observation and analysis of the iron rust layer formed on the surface of carbon steel in the alternating condition, it was found that a multilayered iron rust layer composed of red rust layer (
-FeOOH), rust crust layer (FeO
), inner crystal (FeO), and inner rust layer was formed on carbon steel. The multi-layered iron rust layer would accelerate the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction, and the reason why the corrosion rate of the carbon steel in the alternating condition was accelerated. The effect of artificial seawater (ASW) composition on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in air/solution alternating condition was investigated. It was found that the corrosion rate increased with increasing concentration from pure water to 200 times diluted ASW, and decreased with increasing concentration from 20 times diluted ASW to no diluted ASW. The Mg and Ca ions in ASW precipitated on the reaction interface and formed a metal cation layer, which inhibited the oxygen reduction reaction, and thus the corrosion of carbon steel was inhibited in the highly concentrated ASW.
Hata, Kuniki
Zairyo To Kankyo, 70(12), p.468 - 473, 2021/12
In order to estimate corrosive environment in the contaminated water at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, effects of oxidants, such as HO, which were generated from water radiolysis, should be taken into account due to the irradiation field in the reactor building. The process of water radiolysis and the amounts of these oxidants can change depending on the conditions of water and types of radiation. After the accident, a variety of factors, which can affect water radiolysis, such as seawater constituents, surface of oxides, and 
-radionuclides, had been discussed. In this paper, these effects on radiolysis are reviewed for the better understanding of the corrosive environment in the contaminated water.
